BORDERS AND BORDER SPACES IN THE EU VOLUME 1 - VOL24 - EUROPEAN BORDER MANAGEMENT FROM A COMPARATIVE

Les textes issus de ce volume portent sur la coopération transfrontalière à partir des exemples pris le long de la frontière franco-allemande et sur les frontières de la Roumanie. Les contributions rassemblées soulignent comment dans les espaces frontaliers les sociétés civiles construisent un peu d'Europe. Cela ne va pas sans difficulté ni arrière-pensée, et ces laboratoires n'échappent pas non plus aux problèmes que traversent les relations bilatérales entre ces États frontaliers. Dès lors, si la coopération frontalière peut être une opportunité pour approfondir l'intégration européenne, elle n'en reste pas moins traversée par les vicissitudes que soulève ce processus. Les différents exemples présentés dans ce volume mettent en valeur les possibilités ouvertes ou non par ces processus transfrontaliers. Ils permettent également une comparaison entre coopération transfrontalière en Europe de l'Ouest et en Europe centrale et orientale.

Which are the perceptions of the border in European border regions before and after the COVID-19 pandemic ? This Cahier Fare n°25 presents the results of the Jean Monnet Network "Frontières en mouvement : quels modèles pour l'UE (FRONTEM)? ", which was supported by the EU's Erasmus+ program for the period between 2019-2023. The network exchanged knowledge and practices on five different types of EU border perception : at the border between France and Germany, at the border between France and Belgium, at the border between Ireland and Northern Ireland, at the border between Rumania and Hungary and at the border between Denmark and Germany. By analysing the results of focus groups organised in and mental maps drawn for each of the 5 border regions concerned, it critically examines the perception of the border as a place of cross-border reconciliation, of minority co-existence and of peace facilitation. The key question addressed by the network was to assess the mental perception of the border when faced with processes of re-bordering and the re-questioning of the model of a "Europe without borders".

This publication on "Cross-border Circulation and Networks in the European Space" is an attempt to enlarge the perspectives of Contemporary European Border Studies both temporally and epistemologically. Border studies in Europe are indeed still largely focused on the analysis of cross-border cooperation and its relationship with the process of European Integration after the Second World War. What is generally missing is a long-term historical perspective and the consideration that circulation and networks can also be built across borders because there is a community of ideas or a shared good to defend : a common scientific culture, health, environment, etc. The publication regroups communications to a doctoral seminar which was organized on 10-11 January 2019 in Strasbourg on "Cross-border circulation and networks in the European space (18th -21rst century) : a trans-periodical approach" and supported by the Erasmus+ Jean Monnet project on "Crises in European Border Regions". It has been put an emphasis on several types of circulation and networks in cross-border spaces. On the one hand, on the completed several case-studies on the Franco-Spanish cross-border region.The authors circulation of ideas (anti-fascism in the inter-war period), the circulation of people (visa regulations between Poland and Belarus), the circulation of scientific culture (among the universities of the Upper Rhine Region), of languages (in the Catalan Region) and of law (legal cross-border tools). On the other hand, on networks of environmental cooperation in the Upper Rhine Region, of health care with the example of the cross-border hospital in Cerdayna and of para-diplomacy in Andorra and in Catalonia. Ont contribué à cet ouvrage : Martine Camiade, Jordi Cicres, Xavier Faure, Elen Guy, Anna Kuleszewicz, Silvia Llach, Rapahaël Mariotti, Jean Peyrony, Rose-Marie Quintana, Franzeska Tortorella, Birte Wassenberg.

Cinq crises sont ici analysées : la crise de Schengen qui remet en cause l'idée d'une "Europe sans frontières" , la crise de l'identité européenne qui se manifeste par l'augmentation de l'euroscepticisme, la crise migratoire qui pose le problème du respect des droits de l'homme aux frontières de l'UE, la crise des "ressentiments" qui questionne l'état de la réconciliation des populations aux frontières et la crise de la Covid-19 qui a résulté en un phénomène de rebordering en Europe. L'objectif est double : analyser les conséquences de ces crises pour les régions frontalières et évaluer leur potentiel de gestion et résolution.