Lucky Luciano, testament

PART IMandalayChapter 1There was only one person in the food-stall who knew exactly what that sound was that was rolling in across the plain, along the silver curve of the Irrawaddy, to the western wall of Mandalay's fort. His name was Rajkumar and he was an Indian, a boy of eleven ? not an authority to be relied upon.The noise was unfamiliar and unsettling, a distant booming followed by low, stuttering growls. At times it was like the snapping of dry twigs, sudden and unexpected. And then, abruptly, it would change to a deep rumble, shaking the food-stall and rattling its steaming pot of soup. The stall had only two benches, and they were both packed with people, sitting pressed up against each other. It was cold, the start of central Burma's brief but chilly winter, and the sun had not risen high enough yet to burn off the damp mist that had drifted in at dawn from the river. When the first booms reached the stall there was a silence, followed by a flurry of questions and whispered answers. People looked around in bewilderment: What is it? Ba le? What can it be? And then Rajkumar's sharp, excited voice cut through the buzz of speculation. "English cannon," he said in his fluent but heavily accented Burmese. "They're shooting somewhere up the river. Heading in this direction."Frowns appeared on some customers"faces as they noted that it was the serving-boy who had spoken and that he was a kalaa from across the sea ? an Indian, with teeth as white as his eyes and skin the color of polished hardwood. He was standing in the center of the stall, holding a pile of chipped ceramic bowls. He was grinning a little sheepishly, as though embarrassed to parade his precocious knowingness.His name meant Prince, but he was anything but princely in appearance, with his oil-splashed vest, his untidily knotted longyi and his bare feet with their thick slippers of callused skin. When people asked how old he was he said fifteen, or sometimes eighteen or nineteen, for it gave him a sense of strength and power to be able to exaggerate so wildly, to pass himself off as grown and strong, in body and judgment, when he was, in fact, not much more than a child. But he could have said he was twenty and people would still have believed him, for he was a big, burly boy, taller and broader in the shoulder than many men. And because he was very dark it was hard to tell that his chin was as smooth as the palms of his hands, innocent of all but the faintest trace of fuzz.It was chance alone that was responsible for Rajkumar's presence in Mandalay that November morning. His boat ? the sampan on which he worked as a helper and errand-boy ? had been found to need repairs after sailing up the Irrawaddy from the Bay of Bengal. The boatowner had taken fright on being told that the work might take as long as a month, possibly even longer. He couldn't afford to feed his crew that long, he'd decided: some of them would have to find other jobs. Rajkumar was told to walk to the city, a couple of miles inland. At a bazaar, opposite the west wall of the fort, he was to ask for a woman called Ma Cho. She was half-Indian and she ran a small food-stall; she might have some work for him.And so it happened that at the age of eleven, walking into the city of Mandalay, Rajkumar saw, for the first time, a straight road. By the sides of the road there were bamboo-walled shacks and palm-thatched shanties, pats of dung and piles of refuse. But the straight course of the road's journey was unsmudged by the clutter that flanked it: it was like a causeway cutting across a choppy sea. Its lines led the eye right through the city, past the bright red walls of the fort to the distant pagodas of Mandalay Hill, shining like a string of white bells upon the slope.For his age, Rajkumar was well travelled. The boat he worked on was a coastal craft that generally kept to open waters, plying the long length of shore that joined Burma to Bengal. Rajkumar had been to Chittagong and Bassein and any number of towns and villages in between. But in all his travels he had never come across thoroughfares like those in Mandalay. He was accustomed to lanes and alleys that curled endlessly around themselves so that you could never see beyond the next curve. Here was something new: a road that followed a straight, unvarying course, bringing the horizon right into the middle of habitation.When the fort's full immensity revealed itself, Rajkumar came to a halt in the middle of the road. The citadel was a miracle to behold, with its mile-long walls and its immense moat. The crenellated ramparts were almost three storeys high, but of a soaring lightness, red in color, and topped by ornamented gateways with seven-tiered roofs. Long straight roads radiated outwards from the walls, forming a neat geometrical grid. So intriguing was the ordered pattern of these streets that Rajkumar wandered far afield, exploring. It was almost dark by the time he remembered why he'd been sent to the city. He made his way back to the fort's western wall and asked for Ma Cho."Ma Cho?""She has a stall where she sells food ? baya-gyaw and other things. She's half Indian.""Ah, Ma Cho." It made sense that this ragged-looking Indian boy was looking for Ma Cho: she often had Indian strays working at her stall. "There she is, the thin one."Ma Cho was small and harried-looking, with spirals of wiry hair hanging over her forehead, like a fringed awning. She was in her mid-thirties, more Burmese than Indian in appearance. She was busy frying vegetables, squinting at the smoking oil from the shelter of an upthrust arm. She glared at Rajkumar suspiciously. "What do you want?"He had just begun to explain about the boat and the repairs and wanting a job for a few weeks when she interrupted him. She began to shout at the top of her voice, with her eyes closed: "What do you think ? I have jobs under my armpits, to pluck out and hand to you? Last week a boy ran away with two of my pots. Who's to tell me you won't do the same?"And so on.Rajkumar understood that this outburst was not aimed directly at him: that it had more to do with the dust, the splattering oil, and the price of vegetables than with his own presence or with anything he had said. He lowered his eyes and stood there stoically, kicking the dust until she was done.She paused, panting, and looked him over. "Who are your parents?" she said at last, wiping her streaming forehead on the sleeve of her sweat-stained aingyi."I don't have any. They died.""

Quand l'amitié est trahie, il n'y a plus de limites... Trahie par sa meilleure amie devenue mannequin à succès, trompée par son petit ami, étouffée par des parents toxiques, Jane décide un beau jour qu'il est temps pour elle de quitter cette vie ne lui apportant qu'aigreur, colère, rancoeur et frustration. Puisque plus personne ne la respecte, elle sera prête à tout pour arriver à ses fins, quitte à risquer de se perdre en chemin.

Alors que les guerres d'Indochine et d'Algérie s'enchaînent, créant une période de conflit continue pour la France de 1945 à 1962, l'historiographie dépasse rarement les cadres spatiaux-temporels de chaque guerre pour les considérer comme un ensemble. Il en est de même pour la colonisation, en dépit des acquis actuels de l'histoire connectée. Le pari de ce dossier est de dégager l'Indochine et le Maghreb d'approches nationales et/ou bilatérales, centrées sur leurs relations avec l'ancienne métropole. Partant d'un projet comparatif, il aboutit à des propositions, empiriquement fondées, de renouvellement de l'histoire de l'Empire français. Avec les contributions de Christopher Goscha, Sylvie Thénault, Pierre Grosser, Jim House, Neil MacMaster, Denis Leroux, Raphaëlle Branche, Julien Mary, Martin Thomas, Emmanuel Blanchard, Andrew Barros, Hazuki Tate, Frédéric Spillemaeker.

En juillet 1954, un accord signé à Genève confirme le retrait français du Vietnam, établit un plan pour décider de la forme des Etats qui remplaceront l'Indochine coloniale, faisant naître l'espoir que la paix allait s'installer dans cette partie du monde. Il n'en fut rien. La lutte pour l'Indochine se poursuivit aux niveaux local, régional et international, à tel point qu'une deuxième conférence (Genève, 1961-1962) s'ouvrit pour régler une nouvelle crise. Rien ne fut réglé: l'Indochine devait demeurer, jusqu'en 1991, un foyer de guerres dans le système international. Des milliers d'ouvrages ont été écrits sur les guerres d'Indochine, mais les tentatives de résoudre les conflits indochinois par la paix ont généré beaucoup moins d'intérêt, alors que cette période charnière située entre 1954 et 1962 est essentielle afin de comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles l'Indochine est restée lieu et objet de tensions dans le système international et pourquoi la paix fut un échec. Ce travail collectif est également l'occasion d'étudier comment le système international générait des imbrications, transversale entre l'Est et l'Ouest, et verticale entre le Nord et le Sud.